San Marino

San Marino, reputed to be the world’s oldest republic, is a microstate ensconced within Italy’s borders, on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains. Its historical narrative is steeped in legend and tradition, claiming foundation by Saint Marinus in AD 301. Today, this mountaintop republic is known for its medieval walled city and narrow cobblestone streets, which lead to the Three Towers of San Marino, striking fortresses that have become the nation’s symbol.

Though small in size, San Marino’s economy is surprisingly diverse, with a blend of banking, tourism, and the production of goods such as ceramics, clothing, and wine. Its fiscal policies have made it a haven for investors and a notable center of commerce in the region. Despite its diminutive geography, San Marino maintains a distinct cultural identity, celebrating its heritage with historical festivals and its sovereignty with one of the oldest constitutions in the world.